This is an optional piece of equipment that can be plastic or metal. It is attached to the end of a lens to reduce or eliminate lens flare or other unwanted intrusion of light that may appear on your pictures.
A wide-angle lens is any lens with a focal length smaller than what is standard for the camera format. For most digital cameras, 50mm is the standard length, so a 35mm lens would be considered wide angle.
An alternative power source that is typically rechargeable as a complete battery pack for some digicams. Although Lithium ION batteries cost more than NiCad batteries, they offer many advantages